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Hernia is a condition where there is an abnormal protrusion of internal organs through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity. A combination of increased pressure inside the body with weakness in the wall is responsible for this condition.In this condition, internal organs or parts of organs are protruded out forming a swelling which will increase the size with coughing and lifting weight,and while passing stool or urine.

What are the causes of hernia?

1. Weakness in the body wall due to:
   Congenital weakness
   Acquired weakness due to injuries, muscle wasting, suppurative lesions in the wall and presence of weak natural openings, obesity, lack of exercise and sometimes repeated pregnancy
   Surgical operation with improper suturing or sepsis of operated site
2. Increased pressure inside the body due to:
   Chronic constipation
   Recurrent cough
   Weight lifting
   Stricture of urethra

What are the common sites for hernia?

1. Inguinal hernia. Here the abdominal contents protrude through the inguinal canal (passage in the lower abdominal wall just above the inguinal ligament.It is seen on either side).This type is common in males.Initially the swelling comes only while straining and goes back while lying down.
2. Femoral hernia. This type of hernia is more in females. Here the abdominal contents pass through the femoral canal which is seen just below the junction between the thigh and lower abdominal wall(Inside the femoral triangle).The contents pass downwards and comes out through saphenous opening in the thigh and forms a swelling under the skin.
3. Umbilical hernia. This is common in children.The umbilicus is the weaker part of the abdomen.The contents of the abdomen may protrude as a bulb like swelling while crying and defecating.
4. Incisional hernia. These hernias are seen in operated sites due to improper suturing or sepsis.
5. Epigastric hernia. It is a rare type where the herniation occures in the epigastrium.
6. Lumbar hernia. This is also a rare type. Here the hernia appear in the lumbar area on either side of the lumbar spine (in the lumbar triangle).
7. Obturator hernia. This is a rare type of hernia. Here the contents pass through obturator foramen in the pelvic bone.

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